@article { author = {El Den, Sanaa}, title = {EMERGENCY CONTRACEPTION AND THE ROLE OF THE NURSE IN COUNSELING}, journal = {Zagazig Nursing Journal}, volume = {2}, number = {1}, pages = {1-15}, year = {2006}, publisher = {Zagazig University; Faculty of Nursing}, issn = {2090-6110}, eissn = {}, doi = {10.21608/znj.2006.38916}, abstract = {Despite the availability of effective methods of contraception, many pregnancies are unplanned and unwanted. These pregnancies carry a higher risk of morbidity and mortality, often due to unsafe abortion. Many of these pregnancies can be avoided using emergency contraception.}, keywords = {}, url = {https://znj.journals.ekb.eg/article_38916.html}, eprint = {https://znj.journals.ekb.eg/article_38916_2b323ea50e21c5fea90ceade1e8b1c2f.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Female Mutilation}, journal = {Zagazig Nursing Journal}, volume = {2}, number = {1}, pages = {1-6}, year = {2006}, publisher = {Zagazig University; Faculty of Nursing}, issn = {2090-6110}, eissn = {}, doi = {10.21608/znj.2006.38920}, abstract = {The subject of female genital mutilation (FGM), which has been buried in secrecy and taboo for several generations, is finally being brought to the surface by feminists, health practitioner, and social scientists concerned with the physical and moral well being of women and girls.                FGM constitutes all procedures which involve partial or total removal of the external female genital organs or injury to the female genital organs whether for cultural or any non therapeutic reasons (Duncan and Herland, 2000; WHO, 1998; & Essen et al, 2000).   There are different types of FGM known to be practiced today, they include type I ( Sunna Circumcision). The most common type of FGM is excision of the clitoris and the labi minora accounting for up to 80% of all cases; the most extreme formis infibulation, which constitute 15% of all procedures. (US. Department of state. Egypt, 2001; & www.forwarduk.org, 2004).               The justifications given for the practice are multiple and reflect the idiological & historical situation of the societies in which it has developed. Reasons cited generally relate to tradition, power inequalities and the ensuing compliance of women to dictates of their communities. (WHO, 1997; www. research.umbe., 2002; & Sarah R, Hyford, 2005).               The root of female genital mutilation are complex and numerous; it has not been possible to determine when & where the tradition of FGM originated. Many women believe that FGM is necessary to ensure acceptance by their community; they are unaware that FGM is not practiced in most of the world. FGM is usually performed by traditional practitioner with crude instruments & without anesthetic. (WHO, 1997; WHO, 2001; & Sarah R, Hyford, 2005).   FGM causes grave damage to girls and women and frequently results in short and long term health consequences.The effect on health depends on the skill of the operator, the cleanliness of the tools and the environment and the physical condition of right or women concerned.( Elchalal, 1997; Essen,2000; & Obermeyer,2003).                       The immediate and long term health complication include sever pain, shock, urine retention, injury to adjacent tissue. Hemorrhage and infection can cause death. More recently, concern has arisen about possible transmission of immunodeficiency virus (HIV) due to the use of one instrument in multiple operations WHO, 1998; & www.forwarduk.org, 2004).                 Long term consequences include cysts and abscess, keliod scar formation, urinary incontinence, dysparonnia (painful sexual intercourse) & difficulties with child birth. Psychological health: Genital mutilation may leave a lasting mark on the mind of the women who has undergone it. In the long term, women may suffer feeling of irritability & depression.(Duncan and Herland,2000; Essen,2000;& Obermeyer,2003).               Experiences show that many people in the societies concerned do not naturally see the link between genital mutilation suffered by a women in her childhood and pain, infection and health problems she may suffer in her later years.(www.research.umbe,2002; & Abd El – tawab,2003).               Globally, WHO estimate that between 100 and 132 million girls and women have been subjected to FGM. Each year, a further 2 million girls are estimated to be at risk of the practice. Most of them live in African countries, a few in the Middle East & Asian countries, and increasingly in Europe, Australia, Newzealand, UnitedState of America & Canada (WHO, 1998; & WHO, 2001).                In Egypt the most common forms of FGM or female genital cutting (FGC), still widely practiced throughout Egypt are type I & type II. These practices are wide spread but are even more prevalent in rural than urban areas. They are common among both Muslims & Coptic Christians. Type III in Egypt is referred as “Sudanese Circumcision” is founded only among a few ethnic groups in southern part of the country (WHO, 2001; &www. research. umbe, 2002).     In 2000, U S Agency for International Development (USAID) funded the fourth in a series of Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) conducted in Egypt. This nationally representive survey of 15.648 ever married aged 15 – 49 found that the practice is nearly universal among women of reproductive age in Egypt. Preliminary analysis 2000 finding show that 97% of women surveyed have undergone this procedure. 78% in 2000 versus 83% in 1995. and intention of women surveyed to have    their daughters undergo one of these procedure 31% in 2000 versus 38% in 1995. (WHO, 2001; US. Department of state. Egypt,2001;& www.forwarduk.org, 2004).             Many Egyptian believe that this is an important part of maintaining female chastity,  which  is  part  of  religious  tradition.  One  of  the  main  factors  behind   the       persistence of the practice is its social significance for female. In communities where it is practiced, a woman achieves recognition through marriage & child bearing and many families refuse to accept as marriage partner, a woman who has not under gone the procedures. (WHO, 2001;  & US. Department of state. Egypt,  2001).  }, keywords = {}, url = {https://znj.journals.ekb.eg/article_38920.html}, eprint = {https://znj.journals.ekb.eg/article_38920_ab3c115a595ec5157b7cdcb10fb67232.pdf} } @article { author = {Abd Allah, Eman and El Zany, Hanaa}, title = {EFFECT OF A HEALTH EDUCATION INTERVENTION ON CONTROLLING OF URINARY INCONTINENCE AMONG ELDERLY WOMEN IN ZAGAZIG CITY}, journal = {Zagazig Nursing Journal}, volume = {2}, number = {1}, pages = {1-16}, year = {2006}, publisher = {Zagazig University; Faculty of Nursing}, issn = {2090-6110}, eissn = {}, doi = {10.21608/znj.2006.38923}, abstract = {Background: urinary incontinence is a significant health problem with serious physical, psychological and social consequences, particularly among elderly women.   Self-care is one way that individuals can use to cope with physical symptoms, and stress.  Aim: to assess the knowledge, physical and psychological complaints of urinary incontinence in elderly women, and to evaluate the outcome of a self-care management intervention of urinary incontinence.  Subjects and Methods: the study was conducted at the geriatric social club in ZagazigCity, using a quasi-experimental design with pre-post assessment. It included 50 women, 60 years old or above, with urinary incontinence for at least one year.  They were divided into two equal groups, a study group for application of the intervention, and a control group.  Three tools were used for data collection: an interview questionnaire form, a knowledge assessment sheet, and a voiding training record. A health education intervention for voiding training was provided to subjects in the intervention group for six-months.  Data were collected during the period from June to December 2004.  Results: Before the intervention the medical history and independence in daily life activities were similar in the two groups, and also their psychological complaints.  They had no differences of statistical significance concerning knowledge about urinary incontinence, which was very low in the two groups.  After the intervention, statistically significant improvement in knowledge was found in the study group.  Before the intervention the frequency of wetting underwear showed no differences between the two groups.  After the intervention, the frequencies were markedly lower in the study group, especially after the third day, where the means were all below 3 times, compared to more than 4 times in the control group.  Similarly, a significant increase in the frequency of using WC was shown among women in the study group after the intervention. Conclusion: there is a lack of knowledge about the condition. Implementation of a health education intervention proved to an effective self-care practice for management of the problem.  Recommendations: elderly people need periodic screening of for early detection and management of urinary incontinence. Nurses (either community or psychiatric) needed to be trained in more specialized aspect of care of incontinence elderly including health education intervention about how to mange incontinence. Health education for elderly are needed about self care management of incontinence, mass media could provide both the public and patient social support to the elderly by accurate information about management of incontinence.}, keywords = {Nursing intervention program,Kegel exercises,health education}, url = {https://znj.journals.ekb.eg/article_38923.html}, eprint = {https://znj.journals.ekb.eg/article_38923_c66e8be30be844d2530da63f53aec216.pdf} } @article { author = {Hessain, Nashwa and Sawan, Zeinab and Hassanin, Sohair and Ahmed, Elsayeda}, title = {CONFLICT AMONG STAFF NURSES AND RESOLUTION TECHNIQUE USED BY THEIR HEAD NURSES}, journal = {Zagazig Nursing Journal}, volume = {2}, number = {1}, pages = {1-23}, year = {2006}, publisher = {Zagazig University; Faculty of Nursing}, issn = {2090-6110}, eissn = {}, doi = {10.21608/znj.2006.38930}, abstract = {Conflict is a natural, inevitable condition in organization, and it is often a prerequisite for change in people and organization (Sullivan and Decker, 1997). The conflict when managed properly, can promote organizational creativity, productivity, cost containment and can lead to satisfaction by all involved parties (Dove ,1998).The present study was done to investigate the level and type of conflict among staff nurses as perceived by themselves and by their nurse leaders, identifying the different strategies utilized by nurse leaders to manage staff nurses conflict and solicit staff nurses opinion regarding their preferred style of conflict resolution. Data were collected from ZagazigUniversityHospital . Sample of study consisted of 267 staff nurses and 81 head nurses. The data for this study were collected using two types of questionnaire sheets, one for the staff nurses group and other for the head nurses group. The finding of the study have indicated that intergroup was the most frequent type of nurses conflict followed by interpersonal, while the intrapersonal was the least frequent type . Head and staff nurses in the different units were utilizing and preferred the collaborating, compromising and accommodating conflict resolving strategies rather than competing and avoiding ones. The majority of both groups have agreed upon shortage of resources as the important factor. Recommendations are made in the light of these finding.}, keywords = {}, url = {https://znj.journals.ekb.eg/article_38930.html}, eprint = {https://znj.journals.ekb.eg/article_38930_2a3727377519b2542a516b6a94019ca6.pdf} } @article { author = {Hamed, Laila and Sawan, Zeinab and Ghoneim, Adel and Mohamed, Fathia}, title = {EVALUATION OF HEALTH RELATED – QUALITY OF LIFE IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE AT ZAGAZIG UNIVERSITY HOSPITALS}, journal = {Zagazig Nursing Journal}, volume = {2}, number = {1}, pages = {1-16}, year = {2006}, publisher = {Zagazig University; Faculty of Nursing}, issn = {2090-6110}, eissn = {}, doi = {10.21608/znj.2006.38940}, abstract = {Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a disease state characterized by progressive and irreversible airflow obstruction. The COPD is an important public health problem in both developed and developing countries with a high prevalence among persons with low socioeconomic status and in countries where cigarette smoking is still very common. The COPD is a source of significant disability in work life, family role, and functions of daily living, thereby health-related quality of life (HRQoL) decreases. The aims of this study were to assess patients’ knowledge about COPD and evaluate their HRQoL, which might affect their management. adescriptive design was used to achieve the aim of the study. The study subjects composed of 100 patients, all of them were drawn from the Out Patient Chest Clinic and Department of Chest Diseases at Zagazig University Hospitals. Data was collected by using a questionnaire sheet which designed by the investigator after reviewing related literature. Results of the study revealed that the total correct patients’ knowledge regarding their disease was low (14%), the COPD has an impact on the subjects health, function and performing their activities of daily living. The majority (82%) of the study subjects were suffering from psychological disturbance. Thus a respiratory rehabilitation program for these patients is recommended to improve their quality of life and provide them with adequate information about COPD and how they cope with there chronic disease and disability caused by it}, keywords = {}, url = {https://znj.journals.ekb.eg/article_38940.html}, eprint = {https://znj.journals.ekb.eg/article_38940_ef825d9d13ec574c6f19f7397988a00f.pdf} }